Underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism, is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones regulate the body's metabolism, influencing nearly every organ. When hormone levels are low, bodily functions slow down, leading to various health issues.

People with an underactive thyroid often experience a range of symptoms, which can develop gradually and may be mistaken for other conditions. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold. Other signs may include dry skin, hair loss, muscle weakness, depression, and memory problems. Some people may also notice swelling in the neck area due to an enlarged thyroid gland, known as a goiter.

Treatment for an underactive thyroid usually involves daily medication with synthetic thyroid hormone, called levothyroxine. This medicine helps restore normal hormone levels, relieving most symptoms over time. Regular check-ups with a doctor are essential to monitor thyroid levels and adjust the dosage if needed. A balanced diet and regular exercise can also support overall health and well-being. With proper diagnosis and management, most individuals with hypothyroidism can lead healthy, active lives.