Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, although not all women with PCOS will have visible cysts. The condition involves an imbalance in reproductive hormones, which can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and other health issues. PCOS can also increase the risk of developing other medical conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

Symptoms of PCOS can vary, but common indicators include irregular menstrual periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face and body, acne, and thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp. Women with PCOS may also experience weight gain and difficulty losing weight. Additionally, PCOS often leads to the development of insulin resistance, making it harder for the body to effectively use insulin. This can result in further complications, such as increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Emotional symptoms like anxiety, depression, and mood swings are also not uncommon.

Treatment for PCOS typically focuses on managing symptoms and preventing long-term complications. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet and regular exercise, can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of associated health issues. Medications may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, manage insulin resistance, and treat symptoms like acne and excessive hair growth. Birth control pills, anti-androgens, and insulin-sensitizing drugs are commonly used. In some cases, fertility treatments may be necessary for women who are trying to conceive. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan.