An umbilical hernia is a condition in which a part of the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles near the belly button (umbilicus). It commonly occurs in infants, particularly in premature babies, as the abdominal wall muscles are not fully developed. However, it can also affect adults, especially those who are overweight, pregnant, or have had multiple pregnancies. The hernia creates a bulge or swelling near the navel that becomes more noticeable when the child cries, coughs, or strains.
Symptoms of an umbilical hernia can vary. In many infants, the hernia is generally painless and easily noticeable as a soft bulge near the belly button. In adults, it can cause more discomfort and may produce symptoms such as pain, especially when coughing, bending over, or lifting heavy objects. If the hernia becomes incarcerated (trapped outside the abdominal wall), it can lead to severe pain and potentially serious complications such as strangulation, where the blood flow to the protruding tissue is cut off. Symptoms of incarceration or strangulation include sudden, intense pain, vomiting, and the inability to push the hernia back into the abdomen.
The treatment for an umbilical hernia depends on the severity and symptoms. In infants, most umbilical hernias close on their own by the age of 1 or 2 years, so doctors may recommend watchful waiting. However, if the hernia persists beyond this age or causes symptoms, surgical repair may be necessary. The surgery involves pushing the protruding tissue back into the abdomen and stitching the abdominal muscles together to close the hernia defect. For adults, surgery is often recommended to prevent complications. The procedure is usually straightforward, and patients can often return home the same day. Post-surgery, following a doctor's guidance on activities and lifting restrictions is crucial to ensure proper healing.
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