Tendon rupture is a medical condition in which a tendon, the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone, sustains a tear or break. This can occur due to sudden trauma or chronic overuse, resulting in partial or complete severance of the tendon fibers. Tendon ruptures are more common in weight-bearing tendons, such as the Achilles tendon in the ankle or the rotator cuff in the shoulder. They can affect individuals of all ages, but are particularly prevalent among athletes and older adults whose tendons may have weakened over time.
Symptoms of a tendon rupture can vary in severity but generally include sudden and severe pain at the site of the injury, followed by swelling and bruising. Those affected might also experience a popping or snapping sensation at the time of injury. Functional impairment is common, with difficulty moving the affected limb or muscle group, and in some cases, a visible gap or dent can be observed where the tendon has ruptured. If the Achilles tendon is involved, for instance, walking or pushing off with the foot becomes noticeably challenging and painful.
Treatment of a tendon rupture depends largely on the severity and location of the injury. For minor, partial tears, nonsurgical interventions such as rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and physical therapy may be sufficient. These conservative treatments aim to reduce inflammation and regain strength and flexibility in the tendon. Complete ruptures, however, often require surgical repair to reattach the torn ends of the tendon. Post-surgery, a period of immobilization followed by physical rehabilitation is crucial for restoring tendon function and preventing future injuries. Consulting a healthcare professional early can significantly impact recovery outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
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