Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that primarily affects movement. It develops gradually, often starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. While tremors are common, the disorder can also cause stiffness or slowing of movement. In the brain, nerve cells, or neurons, in a part called the substantia nigra stop working correctly and die. These neurons normally produce dopamine, a chemical that’s crucial for coordinating smooth and balanced muscle function.
Symptoms of Parkinson’s can vary from person to person, but often include tremors, or shaking, that usually begins in a limb, like a hand or fingers. Another common symptom is bradykinesia, which is a slowing down of movement that can make simple tasks take much longer to perform. Muscle stiffness or rigidity, often leading to a decreased range of motion, and impaired posture and balance, which may result in falls, are also frequent. Additionally, the disease may impact speech, causing it to become soft or slurred.
While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, a range of treatments can help manage symptoms. Medications play a central role and typically work by increasing or substituting for dopamine. Physical therapy can improve mobility and flexibility, while occupational therapy can help with daily tasks. In some cases, surgical options such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) may be considered. Living with Parkinson's requires a comprehensive approach that includes medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and support from healthcare providers, family, and friends.
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