Cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, occurs when the wall between a woman’s bladder and her vagina weakens, causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina. This condition is often caused by factors that put pressure on the pelvic muscles, such as childbirth, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, or straining during bowel movements. Aging and the loss of estrogen after menopause can also contribute to the weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, increasing the risk of developing a cystocele.
Symptoms of cystocele can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the prolapse. Common symptoms include a feeling of fullness or pressure in the pelvis and vagina, increased urinary frequency or urgency, difficulty emptying the bladder completely, recurrent urinary tract infections, and discomfort or pain during sex. In more severe cases, women may notice a bulge of tissue protruding through the vaginal opening, and in some instances, complete bladder emptying becomes difficult, leading to urine retention.
Treatment for cystocele varies based on the severity of the condition and the individual’s symptoms. For mild cases, lifestyle changes such as avoiding heavy lifting, practicing pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises), and maintaining a healthy weight may be sufficient to manage symptoms. A doctor may also recommend a pessary, a device inserted into the vagina to support the bladder. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to repair and strengthen the weakened pelvic floor muscles. Surgery typically involves lifting the bladder back into its proper position and securing it with sutures. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may also be considered for postmenopausal women to improve tissue health and reduce symptoms. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment approach based on individual needs.
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