Bladder Cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bladder, the organ responsible for storing urine. Most commonly, bladder cancer begins in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder. This disease can range from being superficial, affecting only the inner layers of cells, to invasive, penetrating deeper into the bladder's muscle layers and beyond. Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic bladder inflammation, and previous radiation therapy.
Symptoms of bladder cancer can be subtle at first but often become more noticeable as the disease progresses. One of the earliest and most common signs is blood in the urine, which can turn it pink, red, or cola-colored. Other symptoms may include frequent urination, pain during urination, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. In more advanced cases, individuals may experience pelvic pain, bone pain, weight loss, and swelling in the legs. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if any of these symptoms are observed.
Treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage and grade of the disease. For non-invasive bladder cancer, treatment options may include surgical removal of the tumor through a cystoscope, intravesical therapy (where medication is placed directly into the bladder), or immunotherapy to boost the body's natural defenses. In more advanced cases, treatments might involve a combination of surgery to remove part or all of the bladder, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any ongoing symptoms or side effects of treatment.
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